Stomatológ, 2025 (vol. 35), issue 2
Human papillomavirus associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas
Janíčková, M., Hvizdoš, D., Jozefík, M., Sudzinová, K., Kalmanová, S., Juríček, R., Hrivnák, D.
Stomatológ 2025, 35(2):6-12 
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with approximately700,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths annually. In recent decades, infection with high-risk types of HPV (high-risk,HR-HPV) has been linked to the etiology of oropharyngeal and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC and OSCC).It is now also considered an important prognostic biomarker. HPV-associated tumors represent a specific subgroup of OPSCC and OSCC that differs from HPVindependent tumors in terms of clinical characteristics, morphology, biological behavior, response to treatment, and prognosis. HPV is present in approximately...
Hemiextraction of primary molars in second premolar agenesis – evolution of recommendations and current perspective
MDDr. Slávka Pčolová, MDDr. Ľubomír Gazdík
Stomatológ 2025, 35(2):13-15
The aim of this paper is to summarize the development of recommendations for hemiextraction (hemisection) of primary second molars in cases of second premolar agenesis and to compare them with current evidence.The article is based on an analysis of the available literature and expert discussions published between 1996 and 2025. The summarized data indicate that the success of hemiextraction depends primarily on the patient’s age and the proper timing of the procedure, with the best results achieved before the eruption of the permanent second molar.Recent randomized controlled trials have confirmed that hemiextraction does not provide...
Guided Immediate Implantation with Immediate Loading:
A Comprehensive Analysis of Current Surgical and Prosthetic Protocols, Biological Principles, and Clinical Outcomes in the era of digital dentistry
Štorcelová Dorota1, Beneš Pavel1,2, Staněk Ján1,3, Malíček Ľubomír4, Hocková Barbora1, Slávik Rastislav1,4, Stebel Adam1,4
Stomatológ 2025, 35(2):16-23
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge on guided immediate implantation withimmediate loading (GII/IL) within the context of digital dentistry. Modern digital technologies—CBCT, intraoral scanning, and software-based planning—enable precise implant positioning, therefore minimizing surgical deviations and increasing the predictability of outcomes. Atraumatic extraction, control of primary stability (IT ≥ 30 Ncm, ISQ ≥ 70), and a properly designed emergence profile are key factors for successful osseointegrationunder immediate loading protocols. Provisional restorations allow soft-tissue...
Pharmacological sedation with midazolam during dental treatment of pediatric patients
Šmocer, P., Dávid, Kucková, V., Tomová, K., Kizek, P.
Stomatológ 2025, 35(2):24-27
Pharmacological sedation is an important tool in pediatric dentistry, allowing safe and atraumatic treatment ofpatients with severe anxiety or limited cooperation.Midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, is the most commonly used sedative in this field. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the pharmacological profile, pharmacokinetics, safety characteristics, indications and contraindications, clinical applications, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the public health andorganizational aspects of its use in pediatric dentistry.
Overview of Selected Biomaterials for Bone Augmentation in the Orofacial Region, Part I
MDDr. Zdenka LUČIVJANSKÁ, MDDr. Radoslav STEHLÍK, MUDr. Peter KIZEK, PhD., MHA, MPH, MDDr. Branislav BORZA, PhD.
Stomatológ 2025, 35(2):28-30
Bone augmentation in the orofacial region is an essential component of reconstructive surgery in the managementof defects caused by atrophy, trauma, or resection. This review provides an overview of selected biomaterials usedfor bone regeneration, evaluating their biological properties, indications, and clinical effectiveness. Autologousbone remains the gold standard due to its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive potential, althoughits use is limited by donor-site morbidity and restricted availability. Allogeneic and xenogeneic materials offersuitable alternatives with high predictability, particularly in combined...
Overview of Selected Biomaterials for Bone Augmentation in the Orofacial Region, Part II
MDDr. Zdenka LUČIVJANSKÁ, MDDr. Radoslav STEHLÍK, MUDr. Peter KIZEK, PhD., MHA, MPH, MDDr. Branislav BORZA, PhD.
Stomatológ 2025, 35(2):31-34
Bone augmentation in the orofacial region is an essential component of reconstructive surgery in the management of defects caused by atrophy, trauma, or resection. This review provides an overview of selected biomaterials used for bone regeneration, evaluating their biological properties, indications, and clinical effectiveness. Autologous bone remains the gold standard due to its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive potential, although its use is limited by donor-site morbidity and restricted availability. Allogeneic and xenogeneic materials offer suitable alternatives with high predictability, particularly in combined augmentation techniques....