Stomatológ 2025, 35(1):15-20

Management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

MDDr. Katalin Hegyi, MUDr. Simona Dianišková, PhD., MPH, univ. doc.

Katedra čeľustnej ortopédie LF SZU, Bratislava

ABSTRACT Sleep is a vital physiological state essential for proper growth, development, emotional well-being, and immune function in children. Higher sleep quality is associated with increased secretion of growth hormone and reduced nocturnal motor activity. In recent years, the prevalence of sleep disorders has been steadily increasing. Habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are among the most common conditions, both caused by upper airway collapse during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea is widely regarded as the most severe form of sleep-disordered breathing, affecting both adults and children. In pediatric patients, dysfunctional breathing and deleterious oral habits can negatively impact craniofacial development and compromise airway growth. Early identification and elimination of these risk factors are essential to ensure healthy development. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, including its etiological factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic criteria. Treatment options are also discussed, ranging from conservative approaches such as lifestyle modification, to orthodontic, surgical, pharmacological, and myofunctional therapies.

Keywords: sleep medicine; sleep disorder; obstructive sleep apnea; breathing dysfunction; functional appliances

Published: July 1, 2025  Show citation